In Depth Review of Homeowner Policy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

In Depth Review of Homeowner Policy - Term Paper Example In Depth Review of Homeowner Policy As a policy holder myself, coverage differs from one policy to another. My homeowner policy covers for several things. It includes the physical property damages. In section 1, coverage A of the policy, it states that it pays for a certain percentage of the structure of the home when physically damaged. Included in this section are the roofing, flooring, light fixtures, appliances, kitchen appliances and washers. The policy also covers for the structures that are part of the main house but are considered extensions like the garage and fences however with a small percentage which is about 10 percent of the cost of the main structure insured. Additional living expenses during the peril of fire or lightning, windstorm or hail and explosions are covered too. This is when the owner seeks for a temporary lodging. It takes 20% reimbursement from the structural coverage of the property. My personal property is also covered but scrutinizing it shows some limitations. Jewelleries when not appra ised and scheduled separately in a policy will not be all covered when stolen. The amount limit to be paid only is $1000 even if the value of the jewelleries is three times the limit. In addition the policy exercises the limit in the China wares, cash, and firearms when stolen. In this connection, it is always best to protect personal properties. According to William (2007) it is advisable not to keep valuables in the bedroom because it is the most part of the house being searched by burglars. What is good in my policy is that it has an extra endorsement to cover for an expensive loss of personal belongings. However, if the insurance company pays the stolen personal properties, it is going to price it with today’s value and not the former price when you purchased that personal belonging before minus the depreciation value. However, to avail of these inclusions, the insurer has to make sure her policy has the broad form or the all peril coverage. Having this type of coverage w ould make the policy holder covered for everything with the exception of those within the exclusion of the policy. Most often, policyholders are tricked with this scheme where they believed there are no exceptions. Insurance companies are very tricky in their business that if there is no review done by the policyholder, he will fall into their trap. An example of this situation is the case of Ward Gen. Ins. Svcs. Inc. vs. Employers Fire Ins. Co. (CBS interactive, 2010) who went into hearing to dispute the payment of her loss regarding her data in the computer. The court found out that the loss was not included in the coverage because it was not a direct physical loss. Physical loss means material existence that is tangible (Viau & Kwasniewski, 2001). To this effect, it is clear that the insurer has also to understand the languages used by the insurance companies. The understanding of the term physical loss in the policy is not in congruent to the definition of the insurance company thus fighting the dispute in court is a disappointment on the policy holder’

International Economic Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Economic Relations - Essay Example International Economic Relations The life expectancy in high human development countries is a healthy and long life. The living standards of its people are more decent and lively (Schenk). Like in Australia majority of the people have better access to better medical care and their life expectancy is high compared to the middle and the low human development countries. The table below shows the life expectancy trend from 1980 to 2013 of Australia and other high human development countries. The life expectancy in middle human development countries is fairly better based on health and life duration. The living standards of it’s people are moderate and better compared to low human development countries but slightly less than high human development countries. The table below illustrates the life expectancy of Egypt and other middle countries. Life expectancy for countries with low human aspect of development is relatively small compared to other middle and high countries. Living standards is also lower compared to other countries at higher levels. Below is a table showing the life expectancy in Kenya. Expected years for one to be in school and the considered average years of schooling, indexes are employed to determine the education index. 18 years is used as the expected years of schooling and is based on enrolment of age at all levels of learning. The expected years of schooling indicator uses a minimum of zero years and a maximum of 18 years.

Surviving in the Wilderness Essay Example for Free

Surviving in the Wilderness Essay The risk taken when adventuring in the wilderness can be a fatal one if one is unprepared and lacking some basic tools and knowledge. There are three basic points when dealing with wilderness survival. The first being food then shelter then warmth. This paper is going to give details and insight into each of the three points. Food, as anyone would know, is vital to survival. Whenever planning to take an adventure, always pack enough food and water to avoid the stress and inconvenience of looking for sustenance. If one is caught in a situation where food is not readily available here are plenty of sources in the wilderness. Fish is a great food for a balanced diet and is available anywhere in the world, and a good thing to know is that all birds are able to be eaten. Sap from a poplar is sweet and can be eaten raw. If one is at an oceanic wilderness, all seaweed is edible. If one is stranded in the arctic, all vegetation is edible with the exception of mushrooms. Deer is probably the best meat to have in the, wilder- ness though it may be hard to hunt without the proper equipment. When hunting and eating remember fat is a very important part of survival. Blood gives one the nutrition ne need and it can be added into sups and other foods, and is easy to find on most evergreens. A good source of heat and energy is Spruce tea. Spruce tea is easy to make, all one need is spruce needles and hot water. When eating plants, it is 1 2 important to know what plants one are eating to avoid further discomfort. There are certain plants that can kill you within hours. Water is very important especially when in tropical or dry places. Be sure to bring plenty of containers to gather water in. A normal human can only go a few days without water in a dry or tropical place where sweating can lead to dehydration. When looking for drinking water, look for signs of animals (McNab 58). The tracks of animals means the water is relatively safe to drink. A good way to gather water during rain without the proper supplies is to tie a rag or shirt around a branch and let it absorb the water then drink from the shirt (McNab 62). If at sea it is important to remember that salt water does more bad than good so do not drink it. If in an arctic environment, do not eat snow it lowers ones body temperature and costs ones in the long run. Our intake of water should much exceed our output of water. This is important to remember to avoid ehydration. To keep healthy and avoid parasites, always boil water first, if possible. There are a few easy ways to catch animals to eat. A death pit is a large hole in the ground with large or small spears at the bottom. Covered with sticks and brush, it is a hard fall for any animal who crosses over. A great way to catch fish is to find a stream with fish and put rocks or a net in the stream so when the fish swim with the current they are trapped on one side by the rocks or net and the other side by the current. Fish hooks and spears are also easy to make and make fishing a lot easier. Theses are a few hints and pointers so finding and hunting food and water will not be as hard as one would think thought. Warmth is more vital in some places than others. Even though in tropical climates the nights can be very cold and any little thing can help survive. There are a few little 3 things that people can know and use when supplies are running low. Making fire is easy if you have the right supplies if not there are ways to do it. This is the most common way of making a fire with nothing but a knife and what one can find in the woods. First find a stick about a foot high and another stick a little longer. Use a shoe-lace or any thin vine to attach to the longer stick to make it look like a bow. Then try to find a small rock with a notch in the middle. Next find a flat piece of dry wood for the board. Carve a hole in the middle of the board using the knife, but not all the way through. Make the hole big enough to fit the end of the shorter stick into. Have a tray and a bundle of tinder ready to light and a pile of wood for the fire. First loop the string around the center of the first bow and place the shorter bow in the socket of the board. Put the rock on top of the stick and begin to turn the stick with the bow. Add pressure to the socket and speed ones bowing until one has begin to see smoke and ash. Stop and knock the embers into the tray. Then transfer ember into ones nest of kindling and hold the nest tightly and begin to blow until fire. Then place into pile of bigger tinder and continue adding fuel. There is a lot of fuel for fire in the woods. Obviously dry wood is plentiful in the woods most of the time. If in the arctic moss, roots and lichen are also sources of fuel. A general rule of thumb is when gathering wood for a fire gather what one think is enough then triple that. If in an oceanic environment, driftwood makes great fuel. When carrying frail tinder, use a bottle or wallet to keep it dry and safe. Unless one is building a fire to be seen don’t build it too big and waste fuel. Remember to build a fire on a log or rock and not just on plain earth. Patience is important when lighting a fire one may not get it on the first try. Do not waste energy and body heat making a fire in cold weather unless it is absolutely necessary. There are ways to keep warm using things other than fire. Feathers can be used to 4 insulate. Fur and skin can also act as isolation. Oil can be gathered from animal fat to be used as water repellant. When in a cold environment watch for frostnip it is the first sign of frostbite. Be sure to control you sweating because it leads to hypothermia. If these steps are taken you just may survive. The last thing to consider is a shelter. Many think a shelter is hard to make because of the lake of supplies one would have available if stranded in the wilderness. The truth is there are some very easy and effective ones that can be made with little or no supplies at all. When one stranded, first make a shelter because when it is dark it is too late. The easiest is a lean-to. It consists of one diagonal stick five to six feet ong resting on two smaller sticks maybe two and a half forming an A-frame. On this can be laid on palm branches or any kind of covering that can be found n that specific environment. Remember when choosing a spot for a shelter choose one clear of debris and as conspicuous as possible. Also be sure to not choose a place that in the event of a flood will fill with water. A tree shelter is ideal incase of swamp or wetlands. Avoid place where there could be falling rocks or snow. Evergreen boughs can be fashioned to make a mattress. Caves are ideal when trying to escape rain and wind (Angier 128). Make sure ou make a shelter close to where you can get food and water. The mail objective when finding a place to sleep is not comfort but survival. (Angier 135). When choosing a site try to stay away form bushes that will contain troublesome insects. Take advantage of natural made shelter to save precious time and energy. After a long hike or in the morning are not ideal time to make a shelter because fatigue clouds ones judgment. In a emergency keep in a car or boat to avoid the elements. Smaller shelters keep you warmer and take less time to build. If in a arctic environment don’t build snow houses or igloos 5 hey are too complicated architecturally . If in a area with sufficiently deep snow dig a hole to use as a shelter. Be sure to build the snow shelter at the right angle to avoid snow being blown in by the wind. These are some easy ways to build and get the best out of your shelter. If you remember some of the tips and instructions you will do a better job of not just surviving, but thriving in the wilderness. This is to prove that surviving in the wilderness is a lot easier than one might think. It is easier than you think. if you have some simple knowledge and most importantly the will to survive you just might survive the wilderness.

Role Of Stakeholders In Projects Construction Essay

Role Of Stakeholders In Projects Construction Essay The management of competing stakeholders has emerged has as an important weapon in the successful implementation of projects. According to Olander and Landin 2007, there is a growing and natural tendency for external stakeholder groups to try to influence the implementation of construction project in line with their individual concerns and needs. This presents a challenge for project managers to assessing and managing these various concerns and needs in order to ensure that the execution of the project is not hindered. Yang et al, 2009 pointed out that the construction industry has a poor record of stakeholder management over the past decades owing to the complexity and uncertainty of projects. Many problems can arise in the implementation of construction projects such as project managers having unclear objectives as regards stakeholder management and underestimation of the power of key stakeholders. In order to solve these problems, project managers needs to develop effective strategies for managing stakeholders. Proper management of stakeholders will lead to stakeholder cooperation and enhances the achievement of project objective while neglect of stakeholders can hinder it. This report seeks to analyse and establish the important role that stakeholders play in the implementation of construction projects with focus on the UK construction industry. Documentary analysis and discussion of findings are presented in this research report. Chapter 1 1.0 Introduction In the execution of any project, and especially in construction projects, there are so many different interests that need to be taken into consideration. The representatives of these interests are those that are referred to as project stakeholders (Olander and Landin, 2005). In order to effectively manage project stakeholders, there is the need for an understanding of the term stakeholders. Rodney, 2007 describes project stakeholder as a person or group of people who have a vested interest in the success of project and the environment within which the project operates. The management of stakeholders is very important in the execution of any construction project. For instance, in large infrastructure and engineering projects, several studies have revealed how stakeholders significantly influence the project outcome. Hence, there is the need to develop appropriate strategies by which stakeholders will be managed from the inception of the project up till the final closing out stages. Understanding the stakeholder theory provides a solid framework for identifying, analysing and categorizing stakeholders as well as recognizing their behaviour in order to manage them effectively ( Aaltonen, Jaakko and Tuomas, 2008). The purpose of stakeholder identification and analysis is to facilitate an understanding of how to successful manage project stakeholders in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s rapidly evolving environment. Olander and Landin, 2005 higlighted that the requirements of the community apply pressure on organisations to modify or change their working methods and the means of communicating with stakeholders. They further reiterated that any stakeholder with a negative perception can severely hinder a construction project from achieving its objectives. The concerns and interests of stakeholders if not properly managed often lead to serious conflicts and disagreements. Stakeholders are very important to the success of a project. It is vital to identify them as they affect or are affected by the project. Pan (2005) believes that the identification of stakeholders involves knowing those with high or potential interest in the project and its outcome and involves the grouping of stakeholders with shared objectives together. Winch, 2010 describes project stakeholders as those actors which will incur or perceive they will incur a direct benefit or loss as a result of the project. The execution of construction projects usually brings about new product or value, but they can also have damaging effects creating such problems as noise, dust, environmental pollution and other obstruction within the project area. These often lead to public outcry and resistance from local residents and other interest groups whom could be affected by the construction project. Winch, 2010 categorized the different types of stakeholders for a construction project in order to aid analysis and management of their problems. He classified them into two categories, which are internal stakeholders and external stakeholders. Internal stakeholders are those persons and organizations that are directly involved and affected by the project while the external stakeholders are those that are not directly involved but may be affected by the project. The internal stakeholders were broken down around the client as those on the demand side and those on the supply side while the external stakeholders were broken down into public and private actors as shown in table 1 below. This research is designed to provide essential background and recommendations for managing project stakeholders and the impact of their behavior and on project success. 1.2 Overview of the Research. According to Newcombe, 2003 the role and nature of the construction client in the United Kingdom have changed dramatically over the last 50 years. He further assert that different stakeholders have varying levels and types of investment and interest in construction projects and can be viewed as multiple clients or customers for the project in which they are involved. Stakeholders with different levels and types of power and interest in construction projects have expectations that the project manager must manage. In order to achieve these, the project manager must adequately identify who the project stakeholders are, recognise what these stakeholders expect from a construction project and then develop strategies to manage the stakeholders. It is important to state that conflicts and controversies can arise in the implementation of construction projects if the concerns and interests of the stakeholders are not properly managed. To prevent this, project managers need to take into consideration the concerns of all stakeholders and devise a means of discourse to reconcile conflicting interests. Construction projects affect stakeholders in both positive and negative ways (Olander and Landin, 2005). For instance, a construction project can be of relevant use to one stakeholder group and have negative consequences on another. Getting to understand each stakeholderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s point of view and providing a room for dialogue will help foster good relationships and avoid potential disruption to project plans. This research will therefore examine the role in which stakeholders play in the implementation of construction projects and their impact, establish the relationship between theory and practise in relation to stakeholder participation in construction projects and propose strategies for managing external stakeholders through out the project life cycle. 1.3 Rationale The rationale for this research will be divided into three parts, namely: Academic, Business and Personal. 1.3.1 Academic The has been a wide range of literature and studies on project stakeholders and how to manage them, however this research will focus on the assessment of the impact of stakeholders in influencing project objectives and how they can be managed. The importance of managing stakeholders in a construction project to ensure its success will be analysed in this research. 1.3.2 Business Large construction projects are usually a subject of varying controversies from the turbulent environmental forces. The complexity of these projects generates a lot of interested parties who either have something to gain or loose from the development of the project (Walker). These stakeholders exert all power within reach as they seek to influence the outcome of the project. Managing the project effectively requires that stakeholders are properly managed as a function of the project management process. 1.3.2 Personal Successful project managers recognise the relevance and importance of stakeholder management to project success, and as a potential project manager, it is a necessity to have an in-depth understanding of the management of stakeholders in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s volatile environment, most especially with construction project which has generated so many tensions in the past. My previous degree in Civil Engineering has also necessitated my desired to have the construction industry as a case study. 1.4 Aims and Objectives The aim of this project is to identify and evaluate the influence and role of stakeholders in the execution of construction projects: a case study of the UK construction industry. This research will examine the role in which stakeholders play in the implementation of construction projects with particular emphasis on external stakeholders and their impact in influencing the project outcome. Below are the objectives of this research project: To evaluate the influence of stakeholders in the implementation of construction projects (using stakeholder mapping together with the power/interest matrix). To establish the critical success factors associated with stakeholder management in the construction projects. To examine the level of stakeholder involvement in the construction project life cycle. To propose strategies for managing external stakeholders in construction. 1.5 Scope The scope of this project includes: Documentary review on the subject area of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Managing project stakeholders in construction and project success. Preparing a primary research plan and proposing a primary method for managing stakeholders in construction projects. The scope exclusions include; This study will be restricted to the primary research plan only and will not include any secondary research. 1.6 Deliverables The deliverables for this research plan will be divided into two; internal and external. Internal Deliverables: A project research plan that contains the study background, aims and objectives, overview of the research study, rationale, scope and exclusion, assumptions and considerations, and structure of the report. A documentary review on the topic area. A primary research proposal Conclusion and recommendation, and highlights for further research areas. External Deliverable: A compiled Management report submitted to enhance further research. 1.7 Assumptions and Considerations. The demands of different stakeholder groups are diverse, thus project managers must be able to evaluate the variety of demands presented by stakeholders so as to enhance communication between them. However, consideration is given to the fact that the stakeholders analysed in this research will be applicable to a wide range of construction projects as well as the strategies to be proposed. 1.8 Methodology The research will employ the use of a case study to investigate the role and impact of project stakeholders in influencing their needs and expectations. The research methodology to be adopted for the research will be predominantly qualitative. The preference of the qualitative approach is driven by the objectives of the research which is descriptive and explanatory in nature. Documentation analysis will be used to analyse any relevant documents gathered that relates to the research. 1.9 Project schedule The research plan for this work which outlines the steps to fulfil the objectives as well as the timescale for the research is presented in Appendix 1 which is attached to this project research plan. 1.10 Research Structure This research will consist of an introductory part made up of the project research plan, and will further be divided into four chapters with; Chapter 2 reviews relevant literatures by other experts and documents on the research topic, and then presenting a critical analysis of facts and ideas which are significant to the topic. Chapter 3 will focus on the methodology for the research which is mainly documentary analysis and will present a proposal for the primary research plan. Chapter 4 will present a findings and discussion of the key element of the research. Chapter 5 will be a summary of the project to provide a conclusion and recommendation and also areas for further research.

Revenge in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay examples -- Shakespeare Hamlet E

Revenge in Shakespeare's Hamlet In Hamlet, Shakespeare uses revenge as a major theme present throughout the work. Revenge plays a crucial role in the development of Fortinbras, Prince of Norway, Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, and Laertes, son of Polonius. All three men seek revenge for the murder of their fathers. Revenge can be interpreted as a separate character in Hamlet. Revenge is set to overcome anyone who seeks it. Initially, after each of the murders, every son had a definite course of action to obtain vengeance. Or in Hamlet's case the choice was to seek no vengeance. As the play unfolds, each young man approaches the desire for revenge and chooses a different path towards gaining it based on the guidance of another character in the play. Fortinbras' good decisions and self-control, as well as, Hamlet and Laertes' bad decisions can be attributed to the outside guidance they receive. Fortinbras, son of the slain King of Norway, is the first to seek revenge. Although King Hamlet, the now deceased King of Denmark, held sole responsibility for the death of King Fortinbras, young Prince Fortinbras seeks vengeance toward the entire country of Denmark. Horatio, a friend of Hamlet?s, said, ?As it doth well appear unto our state, but to recover of us by strong hand and terms compulsatory, those foresaid lands so by his father lost (I.i.101-104). By this, Horatio is saying Fortinbras plans to forcefully regain the land King Hamlet took from King Fortinbras. Fortunately, King Claudius, the new King of Denmark, intervenes and sends two courtiers, Cornelius and Voltemand, to Norway in hopes of convincing the new King of Norway, Fortinbras? uncle, to prevent the attack. Upon hearing the message, Fortinbras? uncle vetoes Fortinbras? plan to wage war on Denmark. However, he encourages Fortinbras ?to employ his anger, against the Polack? in order to vent his rage (II.ii.74-75). After taking the advice of his uncle, Fortinbras additionally ?makes vow before his uncle never more to have th? assay of arms against your majesty,? (II.ii.70-71). This intervention could be what saves Fortinbras? life. With the counseling of his uncle, Fortinbras is able to put aside his longing to settle the score for his father?s murder. In the end, he is greatly rewarded. Because of his persistent doubt of whether Claudius did, in fact, kill his father Hamlet defers making pla... ...events leading to the success of Fortinbras and the failure of Hamlet and Laertes was initiated by a command from someone close to them. King Claudius had an ulterior motive of saving his land, yet by telling Fortinbras? uncle of Fortinbras? plan to attack Denmark his uncle was able to deter his nephew?s anger. By choosing not to attack Denmark Fortinbras was able to avoid harm?s way. The ghost of Hamlet?s father caused Hamlet?s death by advising Hamlet to seek revenge. Before his encounter with his father Hamlet did not want any part in the act of revenge. In attempt to pursue his father?s wishes Hamlet kills Polonius, which causes his death. When Laertes listens to King Claudius he brings death upon both of them. Laertes did not think his sword would be used against him. In the end, the men?s fate was determined not only by their own feelings, but by the actions taken under the command of another person. For Hamlet and Laertes successful revenge led them to death. The guidance he received, as well as, inner strength surmounted Fortinbras? need for revenge and led him to happiness. Works Cited: Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Cyrus Hoy. 2nd ed. New York: Norton, 1992.

Essay --

My journey with biotechnlogy began a long time ago. As children we are often told, like you look like your mother or your father or you will grow up to become as beautiful as you grandmom. But I believe that no kid, including myself, would have ever wondered why people say like that? do we actually look like our parents? and if yes, then why? And I also had no answer to these questions till that morning when i had my first elementary-biology class. When I was 10, my teacher introduced me to something known as nucleic acid- dna proteins, enzymes, which to my amazement were the answers to the above asked questions. Initially I struggled to understand that how could such small molecules, like ,dna, proteins and so on carry out such heavy and important functions in our body. But when my teacher asked me to build a model of these molecules and explain it to the class, I actually understand what these meant. And this is how I was introduced to the world of genetics. Although genectics is just a tiny part of the huge world of biotechnology. It was my first step towards that field - It w...

Design and Organisation of Management Essay

My course work is based on textile spinning that how should a manager deal with each step he makes. In textile spinning the role of a manager is totally different than in the book of management. Here the managers have to deal with everything which is possible. Director Role Designing and organizing Designing is creating the organizational structure so that work can be efficiently and effectively allocated to different departments and work units. Those work units are: > Strategy > Structure > People > Rewards > Processes In textile, there are five directors. And on those five directors the top director is the managing director. He passes the orders of what should be done and what shouldn’t be done. As being a managing director, he has four directors, working in four different departments. And these four directors tell the managing director how well the company is going on. The four directors are: > Director of Marketing > Director of Finance > Director of Operations > Director of Human Resource The director of marketing: The director of marketing is the one who market his product in the market. At first he should try to target good customers from the market who are well known or at least who will buy the product slowly but often. The director of marketing should market the product in a wide range of market where the competition is low and with good quality to maintain and gain more customers so that it would help the company grow wider. Other than this the director of marketing should find out more of the other market where his goods and services can be sold in a good price and make the company go into higher profit. The formal pattern of interactions and coordination designed by the management to link the tasks of individuals and groups in achieving organization goals. At the organisational level, dividing jobs among organizational members is called departmentation. Making departments make it easy to do work by distributing the work. As the cash going and coming would go to the accounts and finance department, selling products would go to the sales department, and handling employees and hiring new employees would go to human resource department. Distributing jobs into department make the job easy for the managing director help the company do well. And it has advantages as well. The advantages of distributing jobs are: > Efficient use of resources. > In-dept specialization and skill development. > Career progression within departments. > Excellent coordination within a function. > High quality technical problem solving. > Overall direction from top management. The disadvantages of the functional structure > Poor communication across functional departments. > Poor coordination leads to slow response to external changes. > Decision concentrated at the top of the hierarchy, creating delay. > Responsibility for problems difficult to pinpoint. > Employees have a limited view of the organisation. > Limited opportunity for development of general management skills. Producer Role Working productively The producer’s role is to work productively, adopting a productive environment, and managing stress and time. It is because, in textile if the product’s quality and quantity is low, the buyer would either returns the goods or pays the lower amount. If the quality or the quantity of cotton yarn is low than the buyer of the cotton yarn will have low profits. So the producer’s role is to maintain the quality of the product and the quantity of the product. Peak performers The producer should be: > Result oriented > Personal mission > Self management > Team mastery > Coping with change I agree with this, as in the producer should be aware of these things to satisfy the top management and the customers. Optimal performance The producer should be: > Setting goals > Being engaged > Being hypersensitive > Enjoying the experience Personal Motivation Extrinsic Motivation – these are the forces that are external to person Intrinsic motivation – these are the forces which are internal forces that are generated by the individual him or herself. They should adopt a productive environment in: > Pay and benefits > Opportunities > Job security > Pride in company > Openness/fairness > Camaraderie/friendliness This has to be given to the producer because they are the one who have a role in productivity. Otherwise they would decrease the quality and the quantity of the product. Quantity counts in textile because of the weight of the cotton yarn. And quality counts because of the strength. Pay and benefits: The pay and benefits for the producer should be given according to his know how because in this field one small mistake leads to a big one. Opportunities: The opportunities is given all the time, but mostly the cotton bales are not in good quality, so it is the producers job to make it into a good quality for the customers. Job Security: The job security should be given after the effort has been shown by the producer. Coordinator role Coordinator’s Role is: > Managing projects > Designing works > Managing across functions Coordinator role is concerned with the efficient flow of work, leading to continuity and stability. This requires the responsibility to see that the right people are at the right place at the right time to perform the right task. Coordinator should be responsible for overseeing change, lines of authority, ever changing tasks, and cross – functional activities. This competence is considered under two headings: > Project planning > Project monitoring Managing projects involves: Project monitoring: > Tracking progress. > Comparing actual results to predict. > Analysing the impact of the actual results. > Making adjustments to the plans. Coordinator should work with the project so that the project should meet the deadlines, but also the budget, the project manager is concerned with two types of information: > The amount of money budgeted for the work to be performed versus the actual cost of performing the work. > The budget cost of work performed versus the budgeted cost of work scheduled. Designing Work The coordinator should decide that whether more traditional and specialised work designs are preferred or to opt for work designs that give employees greater responsibility and greater autonomy. This decision is influenced by the technology required, the changing of the environment (in which the decision should be made quickly), and the link to the external customers. The coordinator should know the behavioural approach toward everyone. Behavioural approach should be towards the top management, middle management and the lower management. The behaviour could cost the coordinator lose his job. Job Design Strategies > Job Enlargement > Job Enrichment > Job rotation > Empowerment Job Enlargement Job enlargement is the opposite to the task of specialisation This increases the skill variety and task identity by redesigning the job to increase the number of task that the employee performs. This could be criticised because the work may not be challenging comparing to one task. This could increase the ability to complete a whole piece of work. Job Enrichment Except for increasing the variety, job enrichment increases the responsibility, decision making and feed back in the employees’ work and enhances the nature of the job relation with managers, company worker and clients. Job Rotation Job rotation helps the employees to increase their skills by allowing individuals to shift among the variety of tasks. This increases the understanding of the different jobs and their interdependencies. It can be used to reduce the boredom. Empowerment When employees are given the opportunity to inherit both thinking and doing the tasks, they will have more control over that how the work is been done, organised and controlled. This helps them to develop the ownership for the whole process, they would find the work more interesting and challenging and they will try to make the work more efficient. Monitor Role The next role we turn to is the monitor role. On the face of it this role appears less interesting than others in the competing values framework. Monitoring connotes the watchful and intrusive gaze of the bureaucrat or the snooping supervisor. Monitors sounds like people who get paid for catching others enjoying their work and putting a stop to it. Monitor may sound like controlling and nosy activity, but monitoring, in the way we describe it, is essential in maintaining high performance in both individuals and groups. The monitor function focuses the manager’s attention on the internal control issues. The monitor function is concerned with consolidating and creating continuity. These competencies are: Competency 1: Managing Information through Critical Thinking. Competency 2: Managing Information Overload. Competency 3: Managing Core Processes. To help business distinguish between activities that add value and things that do not, an expert on business strategy, purpose a model called a value chain. This value chain is a picture of all the activities a business uses to produce and deliver something its customers will value. There are five primary activities. The five primary activities involve the following: > Bringing materials or information into the organisation. > Operating on them. > Sending them out. > Marketing them. > Servicing them. The four supporting activities that surround these primary activities and help them operate more effectively are: > Firm Infrastructure. > Human Resource Management. > Technology Development. > Procurement. The Broker Role This role falls into the open systems model which is the most modern model out of them all. This role is more of an external one and involves being adaptable, innovative and flexible. All the qualities above lead to continual adoption, innovation and the ability to maintain external resources. There are three competencies associated with this role: > Building and maintaining a power base > Negotiating agreement and commitment > Presenting ideas The first competency in terms of business, power refers to the ability to make workers work and produce. They are able to exercise authority by using their power in the organization to get things done. There are four sources of power for the broker role: position power which reflects status in a company. Personal power involves personal characteristics. Expert power involves expert sing in an area and involves specializing or being skilled in a specific field. Network power is to do with the â€Å"social chapter† and information is from the people you know and trust. The second competency is negotiating agreement and commitment. They must be able to balance these qualities not only formally but also informally. Negotiation can be minor such as shift changes to discussing wages etc. Innovator Roles The innovator role focuses on adaptability and responsiveness to the external environment. It involves the use of creativity and the management changes and transition, and it provides a unique opportunity for managers to affirm the value of individual employees within the organizational setting. The meaning of the innovator means, that they tend not to think in terms of large, establishment organizations. The three key competencies of the innovator are: Competency 1: Living with Change. Competency 2: Thinking creatively. Competency 3: managing change. Each of these competencies requires the manager to be flexible and open to new ideas, new ways of thinking, and new challenges that the managerial role presents. Competency 2: Thinking creatively A very wide range of behavior and personality traits have been found to be associated with creative ability. A skill that each person can develop is a creative thinking. Creativity is was of thinking that involves the generation of new ideas and solutions. This is the process of associating known things or ideas into new combinations and relationships. People often underestimate their own creative ability. The difference between people who exhibit creative tendencies and people who don’t personal belief in creativity. Vast arrays of techniques, often called â€Å"creativity heuristics,† ranging from use of analogies to mental imagery, are available to enhance creativity skills. The major difference between creative people and others is personal belief. The individual barriers frequently have an emotional basis. The barriers result from personal beliefs and fears associated with taking risk, trying out a new idea, or trying to convince others of the value of our new ideas. Developing Creative Thinking Skills 1). Domain relevant skills: The domain relevant skill is that the more the manager knows the more creative he can be. Creative relies on linking knowledge together. 2). Creative Relevant Skills: They know how to make people to associate previously unrelated concepts and to think differently. 3). Task Motivation Creating an environment that is conductive to creativity. Competency 3: Managing Change The world is changing at a very high speed rate and so as the people and organization. And all the organizations are under pressure to change. Understanding resistance to plan change The following changes usually provoke resistance: > Changes affecting knowledge and skill needs. > Changes suggested associated with economic or status loss. > Changes suggested by others. > Changes involving risk. > Changes that disrupt social relationships. The Mentor Role The mentor role might be called the concerned human role. This role reflects a caring, empathetic orientation. In this role a manager is expected to be helpful, considerate, sensitive, approachable, open, and fair. In acting out the role, the leader listens, supports legitimate requests, conveys appreciation, and give recognitions. This competency has been shown to be a key factor that differentiates successful managers from those who have detailed. Integrity, security, and self-acceptance increase the ability to practice empathy, the key skill in helping others to grow. Empathy involves truly putting yourself in the position of others and honestly trying to see the world as they see it. References Combe, Colin, An Introduction to E-Business: Management and Strategy, 2006, Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd Abraham H. Maslow Toward a Psychology of Being, D. Van Nostrand Company, (1968) Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 68-30757 http://www.esight.org/view.cfm?x=1073 http://www.ericdigests.org/1993/esteem.htm